Guide
4WD FAQ: 20 questions new four-wheel drivers ask
Quick answers for new four-wheel drivers in Australia: low range, tyre pressures, recovery gear, water crossings, UHF channels, PLBs, permits, courses, AWD versus 4WD, modifications and where to start.
Published
Short answers to the questions new four-wheel drivers ask most often. Each section links to the guide that explains it in depth. For the full learning path, start with our 4WD beginner's guide.
Driving technique
Four-wheel drive systems differ, so read your owner's manual first. Our guide to using low range and diff locks explains 2H, 4H, 4L and lockers in plain English. For steep terrain, read hill climbs and descents. For creeks and rivers, read river and water crossings.
Tyres and recovery
Tyre pressure is the single biggest factor in off-road traction. See tyre pressures. When you do get stuck, recovery basics, snatch straps and winching cover technique and safety. Recovery is where serious injuries happen, so get practical training.
Communications and safety
Agree on a UHF channel before you leave and follow the convoy and track etiquette guide. For remote trips, read remote area 4WD safety, which covers trip plans, beacons, water and fuel.
Vehicles and gear
Our vehicles hub covers popular models, and buying used explains what to check. The gear hub covers recovery kits, comms, lighting and camping.
Where to go
The travel hub covers every state, plus beach driving, the High Country and the Kimberley. Check recent conditions on the forum.
About 4x4forum
4x4forum is an independent Australian community and education site. Read our editorial policy, our about page and the general FAQ, or contact us.
Frequently asked questions
When should I use 4H and 4L?
Use 4H on loose surfaces at normal speeds, such as gravel, dirt and sand runs. Use 4L for slow, technical driving: steep hills, rocks, water crossings, soft sand starts and recoveries.
Can I use 4H on the highway?
Not in a part-time 4WD on sealed roads, because it causes driveline wind-up. Full-time 4WD systems are designed for bitumen with the centre diff unlocked. Check your manual.
Why let tyres down off-road?
Lower pressures lengthen the tyre's footprint, improving traction and comfort and reducing track damage. They also reduce load capacity and safe speed, so reinflate before returning to the road.
What tyre pressure should I use on sand?
There is no single number. It depends on the tyre, vehicle weight and conditions. Our tyre pressures guide explains how to choose a starting point and adjust.
What recovery gear do I need?
Rated recovery points, a snatch strap, rated shackles or soft shackles, a shovel, recovery boards, gloves and a tyre deflator and compressor are a sensible start.
Can I use my towball as a recovery point?
No. Towballs are not designed for recovery loads and can fail, becoming a deadly projectile. Use rated recovery points only.
Do I need a winch?
Not for most beginner trips. A winch is useful for solo travel and difficult terrain, but it requires training to use safely.
How deep can I drive through water?
Check your manufacturer's wading depth and treat it as a maximum in still water. Moving water and soft bottoms reduce the safe depth.
Should I walk creek crossings?
Only where safe, in slow, shallow water. Never in crocodile country or in fast-flowing water.
What UHF channel should I use?
Agree on a convoy channel before departure. Channel 10 is commonly used by 4WD groups by convention and Channel 40 by trucks on highways. Channel 5 is for emergencies.
Do I need a PLB?
For any trip beyond mobile coverage, a registered 406 MHz personal locator beacon or other satellite emergency device is strongly recommended.
What should I do if I break down in a remote area?
Stay with your vehicle, conserve water, communicate with your satellite device or UHF, and activate your beacon if life is at risk.
Do I need a permit to drive on beaches or in national parks?
Often, yes. Many beaches and parks require vehicle permits or camping bookings. Check the land manager's website before you go.
Should I do a 4WD course?
Yes, if you can. A practical course with recovery training is one of the best investments a beginner can make.
Is AWD good enough for off-road?
AWD vehicles suit graded dirt roads but usually lack low range, lockers and clearance for technical tracks.
What modifications should I do first?
Start with good all-terrain tyres, rated recovery points and recovery gear. Learn your vehicle before adding heavy accessories, which affect payload and handling.
Does adding accessories affect my vehicle's limits?
Yes. Accessories add weight and count towards your payload and gross vehicle mass. Check your manufacturer's limits.
Can I drive tracks when they are wet?
Avoid it. Wet tracks are easily damaged, and many land managers close tracks in wet weather to protect them.
Where should a beginner start?
With easy, well-used tracks close to home, in dry conditions, with at least one other vehicle and a trip plan left with someone at home.
Is 4x4forum official advice?
No. 4x4forum is an independent community and education site. Our guides are general information. Always follow land managers, manufacturers and qualified trainers.